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Main image for the briefing: National identity is forged in defeat

National identity is forged in defeat

History may be written by the victors, but some historians have argued that the losers have the final word. In The Culture of Defeat: On National Trauma, Mourning, and Recovery, the German cultural historian Wolfgang Schivelbusch suggests that military defeat often causes societies to equate military failure with cultural superiority as they generate myths to glorify their pasts and explain their losses. Schivelbusch's ideas were enthusiastically received but, as attractive as some of his examples are, do nations really forge their identities on their failures?

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